6th History Human Evolution

6th History Human Evolution

• Earth evolved = 460 crore years ago.
• Man started to walk = 20 lakhs years ago
• Man spread throughout the Earth = 3 lakhs years ago.
• Man started cultivation = 8000 years ago.
• Civilization flourished = 5000 years ago.

Human Evolution

• The story of human evolution can be scientifically studied with the help of Archaeology and Anthropology.

Living in caves

• Before 18000 years ago, humans live in caves.
• They were using tools made of stones and bones for hunting.

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What is Archaeology

• Archaeology is the study of pre historic humans remained materials used by pre historic humans.
• Excavated material remains are the main source for archaeological studies.

What is Anthropology

• Anthropology is the study of humans and evolutionary history.
• The word anthropology is derived from two Greek words:
  • Anthropos meaning “man” or “human”
  • Logos, meaning “thought” or “reason.”
• Anthropologists attempt, by investigating the whole range of human development and behavior, to achieve a total description of cultural and social phenomena.

World’s oldest human footprints

• Anthropologists have unearthed the human footprints in Tanzania, Eastern Africa.
• The footprints were found in rock beds.
• The technique used to find it is = Radio Carbon Dating.
• The footprints are 3.5 million years old.

Stages of Human Evolution

1. Australopithecus
2. Homo habilis
3. Homo erectus
4. Neandarthal
5. Homo Sapiens
6. Cromagons, the present man.

Australopithecus Humans

• Timeline = between 4 million and 2 million years ago.
• A mix of human and ape traits humans = Australopithecus Humans.
• Proto-humans = Australopithecus Humans.
• Humans learn to walk on two legs = Australopithecus Humans.

Homo Habilis humans

• Timeline = between 2.3 million and 1.4 million years ago.
• Presence of big toe occurs in Homo Habilis humans.
• Less protruding face occurs in Homo Habilis humans.

Homo Erectus humans

• Java man = Homo Erectus humans.
• Timeline = approximately 1.8 million years ago.
• Homo Erectus humans have the knowledge of fire.
• Homo Erectus humans walked in straight position.

Neandarthal humans

• Timeline = between 130000 and 40000 years.
• Neandarthal humans differ from African Humans.
• Neandarthal humans has the knowledge of burying the dead.
• Neandarthal humans evidences have been found in Germany.

Homo Sapiens

• Timeline = 300000 years ago.
• Modern human being = Homo Sapiens.
• Hunting and gathering society = Homo Sapiens.
• Homo Sapiens humans moved out of Africa and settled in Europe and Asia.

Cromagnons

• Timeline = 50000 years ago in eastern Africa and 40000 years ago in West Asia and in south eastern Europe.
• Beginning of human life = Cromagnons humans.
• Cromagnons learned to live in caves.
• Lascaus caves in France is the evidence for cave living of Cromagnons.
• They habitude to bury the dead.

People and their habitat

1. Australopithecus = East Africa
2. Homohabilis = South Africa
3. Homoerectus = Africa and Asia
4. Neanderthal = Eurasia (Europe and Asia)
5. Cro-Magnons = France
6. Peking = China
7. Homo sapiens = Africa
8. Heidelbergs = London

Flint stones

• Ancient human use “Flint stones” (chikki mukki kal) for making weapons.
• Humans uses “Flint stones” to make fire.

First scientific invention of humans

• The first scientific invention of humans = making wheels.
• The invention of wheel by humans is considered to be the foremost invention.

Ancient Rock paintings

• In India, approximately there are 750 caves, in which 500 caves have paintings.
• The rock paintings depict hunting pictures of the male and the female, dancing pictures and pictures of children playing.

First animal to be domesticated by humans

• First animal to be domesticated by humans = Dogs.
• Following the dogs, humans started domesticating hen, goat and cow.

Pre Historic rock paints in Tamil Nadu

1. Keelvalai = Villupuram
2. Usilampatti = Madurai
3. Kumuthipathi = Coimbatore
4. Mavadaippu = Coimbatore
5. Porivarai cave = Karikaiyur, Nilgris

Book Back Questions

1. The process of evolution is ___________ ? = Gradual.
2. Tanzania is situated in the continent of _________ ?= Africa.
3. _____________ unearthed the footprints of early humans in Tanzania? =
4. Millions of years ago, our ancestors led a __________ life? = Nomadic
5. The main occupations of the ancient humans were _______ and ___________ ? = hunting, gathering.
6. The invention of _________ made farming easier? = plough.
7. Rock paintings are found at ____________ in Nilgiris? = karikaiyur.

 

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