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Indus Valley Civilization

The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the “Harappan Civilization.”
The Indus Valley Civilization was an urban civilization.
What is the time period of the Harappan Civilization? = 2500–1750 BC
With which civilization is the Harappan Civilization associated? = Indus Valley Civilization
What form of writing was discovered in the Harappan Civilization? = Pictographic script
What is the primary source of information regarding the Harappan Civilization? = Archaeological excavations
What is the literal meaning of the word “Mohenjo-daro”? = Mound of the Dead
When did idol worship begin? = Pre-Aryan period (Statue of the Mother Goddess, Mohenjo-daro)
To which period does the Indus Valley Civilization belong? = Proto-historic period
The people of the Indus Valley Civilization were the first to mix copper with tin; therefore, the Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the “Bronze Age Civilization.”

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Where is Rangpur, a city contemporary to the Harappan Civilization, located? = Saurashtra (Gujarat)
Which Harappan city features a distinct layout for its citadel and lower town? = Kalibangan
Who conducted the excavations at the Harappa and Mohenjo-daro sites? = Sir John Marshall
Which metal has not been found at Harappan civilization sites so far? = Iron
Which deity did the people of the Indus Valley Civilization worship? = Mother Goddess
According to archaeological evidence, the Indus Valley city of ” Banawali ” (in present-day Haryana) is located in the valleys of the Ghaggar River and its tributaries.
In which state is the Harappan city of ‘ Dholavira ‘ located? = Gujarat
From which Harappan civilization site was evidence of modern-style architecture found? = Dholavira
What is the ancient form of the Devanagari script? = Brahmi script
What is the most common shape found among Harappan civilization seals? = Square
The horse was not depicted on Harappan civilization seals; this implies that the people of Harappan cities were unaware of the horse.
Where was cotton first cultivated in the world? = India
The Egyptian civilization, a contemporary of the Indus Valley Civilization, was situated along the banks of the Nile River.
Where was a seal bearing the symbol of a bull found in the Indus Valley Civilization? = Mohenjo-daro
The Sumerian civilization was the first to develop a writing system.
What is the key factor for considering the Indus Valley Civilization to be older than the Aryan civilization? = Pottery
Which type of pottery in India was described as a hallmark of the Second Urbanization? = Black-coated ware (Northern Black Polished Ware)
Where was the earliest evidence of silver usage in India found? = Harappan civilization
What is the primary material used for Harappan seals? = Limestone
The city of Lothal is referred to as “Little Harappa” or “Little Mohenjo-daro.”
The “barter system” was in practice.
The city known as the “Gateway City” = Harappa
The city known as “Black Bangles” = Kalibangan
The city known as the “Garden of Sindh” = Mohenjo-daro.

Indus Valley Civilization Archaeological Sites

Location	Excavated	Time	River	Sources
Harappa, Montgomery, present-day Pakistan	R.C.Sahini, Wheeler, M.S.Vatsa	1921	Ravi	Forts, 6 granaries in a row covering an area of 275 square meters (called the City of Grain). Coffin burials and plastered single-chambered camps, bronze pots, and 891 seals.
Mohenjo-daro, Larkana, Pakistan	R.D.Banerjee, Mortimer Wheeler	1922	Sindh	In Sindhi, it means “hill of the dead”. Big pond Bronze statue of a dancing woman Seal of the Mother Goddess Limestone statue of a man with a beard Single horned animal seals (most seals) and Pashupati (Shiva) seal Woven fabric Three cylinder seals and a seal of the country of Iran.
Lothal, Gujarat	Ranganath Rao	1955, 1962	Bhogava	The city was divided into 6 sections. Trading center for stones and jewelry The entrance to the houses was directly connected to the main street. Rice husk Fire altars and a scale made of ivory Artificial shipyard (126 x 37 m) for repairing and manufacturing ships Bead making workshop Horse toy made of hot clay
Chanhudaro, Sindh, Pakistan	Makkai, Majumdar	1931	Sindh	The only city without a castle A city without a defensive wall dye boxes, lipstick, and jewelry have been discovered.
Kalibangan, Hanumangarh, Rajasthan	Amlanand Ghosh, P.P.Lal	1953, 1960	Ghaggar	Many houses had wells. Plowed field Decorative bricks are used on floor and fire altars Camel bones Small circular holes
Rakhigari, Hisar, Haryana	Suraj Pan	1969	Ghaggar	The largest city among the Harappan cities Artifacts from the Mature Harappan phase, including pottery, fishnet designs, and terracotta figurines.
Banawali, Haryana	Fist	1973	Saraswati	Shows Pre + Mature + Later Harappan culture Plows (clay model) , fire altars, and seals have been found in lower cities.
Rangpur, Gujarat	S.R.Rao	1954	Bhadar	Remains of the Pre + Mature Harappan culture Plough (clay model) Fire altars and seals have been found in the lower cities.
Alamgirpur, Uttar Pradesh	Dutt Sharma	1958	Hindon	Shows the late Harappan culture Pottery and beads

Indus Valley Civilization

Indus Valley Civilization

Indus Valley Civilization Archaeological Sites

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