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TUGHLAQ DYNASTY HISTORY AND RULERS

Total years of Tughlaq dynasty rule = 94 years.
The founder of the Tughlaq dynasty was Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq Shah I (Qazi Malik).
Qazi Malik, Alauddin Khilji’s army commander, established the Tughlaq dynasty under the name of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq Shah.

Tughlaq Dynasty rulers

Real name = Juna Khan
In the Rajahmundry inscription, he is referred to as the “Khan of the World”.
The most educated Sultan among the Delhi Sultans.
His realm was divided into 23 provinces.
He created a new department called “Diwan-Amir-i-Koghi” for agriculture.
The Sultan was the first to introduce the currency exchange system.
He was called the “Prince of Monetary Reform.”
He was called “the wisest fool among fools,” “a wise man out of step with his time,” and “the Aristotle of his time.”
The ruler who introduced the first signed currency in India.
The famous Moroccan traveler “Ibn Batuta” visited the court of Muhammad bin Tughlaq in 1333 AD.
Book written by Ibn Battuta = Rahela (Sabranamah)
The fort built by him = Atilabad
The city he founded = Jaganbana.
During the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq in 1336 AD, Harihara and Bukar formed the Vijayanagara Empire.
During his reign, the southern Indian regions became independent states.
In 1347 AD, the Bahmani kingdom was founded by “Hasan Gangu”.
He was the first Sultan of Delhi to participate in the Hindu festival of “Holi”.
He had a good friendship with a Jain monk named “Jinaprabha Suri”.
Barani called him “the total embodiment of contradictions.”
Pathani says of his death, “The king gained freedom from the people, and the people from the king.”
TUGHLAQ DYNASTY HISTORY AND RULERS

Capital change (1326-27 AD)	He renamed the city of Devagiri as “Daulatabad” and declared it as the new capital. He declared “Delhi” as the capital again in 1335 AD. The people experienced unspeakable suffering.
Tax hike in the Toab region (1327-28 AD)	It ended in failure. People did not pay taxes due to severe famine.
Copper coinage (1330 AD)	It ended in failure. He introduced a copper coin to replace the “silver tanga” coins in circulation. People printed and used a large number of counterfeit copper coins.
Invasion of Khurasan (1336-37 AD)	He gave 1 year’s salary as advance to 3,70,000 soldiers to invade Khorasan. The economy was affected.
Invasion of Karachi (1337-38 AD)	100,000 soldiers led by Khuzemur Malik went to war. But the invasion was not possible due to severe climate change. It ended in failure.

The longest-reigning sultan.
His autobiography = Badukat Piroshaki
The only Delhi Sultan to write an autobiography.
The first Delhi Sultan to create the “Public Works” department.
He cut many canals in Delhi.
He brought the rock inscriptions of Ashoka from Meerut and Tobra to Delhi.
The Delhi Sultan used the largest number of slaves in his court.
The first sultan to create a “translation department”.
The first Sultan of Delhi to allocate funds for the Hajj pilgrimage.
He created the “Department for Slaves.”
The first sultan to impose an “irrigation tax”.
The first sultan to impose a “water tax”.
He built a hospital (Darul Shaba) in Delhi.
The first Delhi Sultan to impose “Jazira tax” on Brahmins.
Cities formed = Jaunpur, Fatehabad, Hissar, Firuzpur, Firuzabad.
Introduced two currencies = Ada (50% JD), Pitch (23% JD)
He was called “the one who loves gardens.”
He damaged the Puri Jagannath temple.
He repaired the “Qutub Minar” which was damaged by lightning.
The first Delhi Sultan to create a separate department for unemployed persons.
He imposed four lines based on the “Quran”
- 1. Karaj = tax on one-tenth of the land yield
  2. Zakat = 2.5% tax on wealth (for Muslims only)
  3. Jaziya = For everyone except Muslims (including Brahmins)
  4. Kams = one-sixth of what is captured in battle.
Supported by = Barani
Books written by Barani = Tariki-i-Peroshahi and Fatwa-i-Jahangiri
TUGHLAQ DYNASTY HISTORY AND RULERS