VIjayanagar Empire

VIjayanagar Empire

• The Vijayanagar Empire consisted of four dynasties.

Dynasty	Time	Originator	The last king
Sangama Dynasty	1336-1485	Harihar, Booker	Virupaksha II
Chaluva dynasty	1485-1505	Saluva Narasimhan	Himathi Narasimhan
Tuluva Dynasty	1505-1570	Veera Narasimhan	Sadashiva
Araveedu dynasty	1570-1652	Tirumala II	Sriranga III

• Founders of the Vijayanagara Empire = Harihara, Bukkar (1336 AD)
• The main enemies of the Vijayanagara kingdoms = Bahmani kingdoms
• The person responsible for the formation of the Vijayanagara Empire was the monk Vidyaranya.
• The dynasty that ruled the Vijayanagara Empire for the longest time was the Sangam dynasty.
• The dynasty that ruled the Vijayanagara Empire for the shortest period of time was the Chaluva dynasty.
• Robert Sewell has written a book about the Vijayanagara Empire called “A FORGOTTEN EMPIRE”.
• VIjayanagar Empire

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Sangama Dynasty

• Founder of the Sangama dynasty = Harihara I
• The Vijayanagara Empire was founded on the banks of the Tungabhadra River, which is now part of Hampi in the state of Karnataka.
• The greatest king of the Sangama dynasty = Devaraya II

Harihara I (1336-1356)

• He defeated the Hoysala kings and founded the Vijayanagara Empire.
• His capital = Anakundi.
• He created the “Vidyanagara” government.
• Booker I renamed it the “Vijayanagara” government.
• VIjayanagar Empire

Bukkar I (1356-79)

• His capital = Kutti.
• The war with the Bahmani kingdom began during his reign.
• He sent envoys to China in 1374 AD.
• The book “Madura Vijayam” mentions that his son “Kumara Kamban” waged war on Madurai and won.
• Author of the book “Madura Vijayam” = Gangadevi (wife of Kumara Kamban)

Harihara II (1379-1404)

• Son of Booker I.
• He was the first king to be given the titles “Raja Parameshwara, Maharajathiraja”.
• The Sri Lankan government paid tribute to them.
• He conquered Kanchi, up to present-day Trichy.
• VIjayanagar Empire

Thevara I (1406-22)

• He assumed the title of “Maharajathiraja”.
• The Bahmani king was defeated by “Pirosha”.
• A foreign traveler from Italy named “Niccolo de Canti” visited his court.
• Niccolo de Canti, in his travelogue, mentions the city of Vijayanagara. The city was 96 km in circumference. He also mentions the celebration of festivals like Diwali and Navratri.
• The book written by his friend “Srinathar” (Tamil poet) is = Haravilasam.
• The Russian merchant “Nikitin” visited his court.

Thevara II (1422-46)

• He was called “Immadi Devaraya” and “Prauda Devaraya”.
• The greatest king of the Sangama dynasty = Thevaraya II.
• He recruited a large number of Muslim soldiers into the army.
• He issued coins referring to himself as “Gajapetakara” (elephant hunter).
• He has written 2 books in Sanskrit = Mahanadaka Sudhanidhi and Bhadrayana’s Brahmasutra.
• Books written in Kannada language = Sopakina Sone, Amaruga
• They followed the “Veera Saiva” sect.
• He was called by the people as the “incarnation of Indra”.
• The Persian ambassador “Abdur Razaq” visited his court.
• He built a “mosque” in Vijayanagara for the Muslims.
• VIjayanagar Empire

Mallikarjuna (1446-1465)

• The Bahmani kingdoms attacked them again.
• The Chinese traveler “Makhuna” visited his court.

Virupaksha II (1465-1485)

• The last king of the Sangama dynasty.
• The person who killed Virupakshi II was his general, Saluva Narasimha.

Mathuravijayam

• Author of the book “Mathuravijayam” = Gangadevi.
• The son of Bukka I = Kumara Kambana.
• Kumara Kampana’s wife = Gangadevi.
• The visit to Mathura records the news that Kumara Kampana successfully overthrew the ” Madurai Sultanate” government and established the Nayaka government there.
• The person who brought an end to the Madurai Sultanate was = Kumara Kambanna.
• The book that tells the story of the conquest of Madurai by the Vijayanagara Empire = Maduravijayam.

Chaluva dynasty

• Founder of the Chaluva dynasty = Chaluva Narasimha
• This is the dynasty that ruled for the shortest period of time.
• After Saluva Narasimha, Thimma and Immadi Narasimha ruled.
• Vasco da Gama (1498 AD) arrived in their Malabar coastal city of “Calicut” during the reign of Yamadi Narasimhan.
• The real power of the government rested with “Narasa Nayak”.
• VIjayanagar Empire

Tuluva Dynasty

• The founder of the Tuluva dynasty was Veera Narasimha.
• The greatest king of the Tuluva dynasty = Krishna Deva Raya.
• The greatest king of the Vijayanagara Empire = Krishna Deva Raya.

Krishna Deva Raya (1509-1529)

• A contemporary of Babur.
• Babur, in his autobiography, mentioned Krishnadevaraya as the most powerful king of India.
• He was called “Yavanaraja Sthabanacharya”.
• His nicknames are = Abhinava Bhoja, Andhra Pithamagan, Andhra Bhoja.
• He was well-versed in both Telugu and Sanskrit.
• His literary works are = Aamuktamalayatha (Telugu, political work), Jambavati Kalyanam (Sanskrit), Usha Parinayam (Sanskrit drama work)
• He had close relations with the Portuguese governor, Albuquerque.
• He gave permission to Albuquerque to build a fort at a place called “Batkal”.
• He built = Vijaya Mahal (Victory Palace), Hasararama Temple and Vittalswamy Temple.
• There were eight poets in the court of Krishnadevaraya. They are called the “Ashtadhikajas”.
• His reign is known as the “Golden Age of Telugu Literature”.
• A Portuguese traveler named Domingo País visited his palace.
• He founded a new city called “Nagalapuram” in memory of his mother “Nagalapuram”.
• How many years did Krishnadevaraya rule in total = 20 years.
• Which Bahmani Sultan was rescued from prison and restored to the throne = Bahmani Sultan Muhammad Shah.
• Krishnadevarayar was the one who dug various ponds to store rainwater.
• The capital of Krishnadevaraya = Hampi.
• Famous temples built by Krishnadevaraya = Krishnaswamy Temple in Hampi , Hazara Ramaswamy Temple , Vitthalaswamy Temple.
• VIjayanagar Empire

Achutha Thevaraya (1529-42)

• Krishnadevaraya has stated that Achutha Devaraya should rule after him.
• Ramaraja imprisoned him and ended his reign.
• His court included Purandara Dasa, known as the “Father of Carnatic Music”.

Sadasivarayar (1543-1576)

• Sadasivarayar’s minister “Ramarayar” along with the Bahmani Sultans defeated him at a place called “Talaikottai”.

Battle of the Talaikottai

• Held = 23 January 1565
• This is also called the “Rakshasi-Thangadi War” ( a) and the “Pannihatti War”.
• He was defeated by “Hussain Nizam Shah” of Ahmednagar.
• The capital Hampi was destroyed.
• VIjayanagar Empire

Araveedu dynasty

• The founder of the Araveedu dynasty = Tirumala II
• He is the brother of Rama Raya.
• Thirumalai Raya II shifted the capital from “Hambi” to “Penukonda” (Venukonda).
• After Tirumala, Ranga II and Venkata II ruled.
• During the reign of Venkata II, “Chandragiri” was declared as the capital.
• This is it . The next ruler was Sriranga III.
• The last king of the Vijayanagara dynasty = Sriranga III.
• VIjayanagar Empire