IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT JAINISM
IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT JAINISM
- The founder of Jainism = Rishabhadeva.
- The first Tirthankara of Jainism = Rishabhadeva.
- To which sect does the term ‘Tirthankara’ belong? – Jainism.
- With which doctrine is ‘Anekantavada’ associated? – Jainism.
- In Jainism, what is the destruction of Karma (a material substance that binds itself to individual souls and determines their destiny) known as? – Nirjara.
- What is the meaning of ‘Samvara’ in Jainism? – Stopping the influx of material karma into the soul.
- Which religion is associated with the ‘Three Jewels’ or ‘Triratna’ (Right Knowledge, Right Faith, and Right Conduct)? – Jainism.
- Who founded the Ajivika school of Indian philosophy? – Makkhali Gosala (5th century BC).
- Which religion put forward the concept of ‘Anuvrata’? – Jainism.
- In which religion did the ‘Yapaniya’ sect exist? – Jainism.
- In which language were early Jain texts written? – Ardhamagadhi (Jain Prakrit).
- Which Jain holy site is associated with Parshvanatha? – Sammed Shikhar (Jharkhand).
- Who founded the ‘Shvetambara’ sect? – Sthulabhadra (Sthulabahu).
- Which religion is associated with the doctrine of ‘Syadvada’? – Jainism.
- The 19th Tirthankara, ‘Mallinatha’, was a female Tirthankara. The only female Tirthankara of Jainism = Mallinatha.
- The 22nd Tirthankara = ‘Neminatha’ (Arishtanemi); he is said to have been a relative of Lord Krishna.
- The 23rd Tirthankara = Parshvanatha. He was born to King Ashvasena of Varanasi and Queen Vama. The tallest statue of Parshvanatha is located at the Navagraha Jain Temple in Karnataka.
- The final Tirthankara of Jainism = Vardhamana Mahavira (24th Tirthankara).
- A place associated with both Jainism and Buddhism = Kaushambi (Uttar Pradesh).
- Jain literature that mentions the 16 Mahajanapadas = Bhagavati Sutra.
- The sect responsible for the creation of the Barabar Caves = Ajivika.
- The author of the Jain text “Kalpa Sutra” = Bhadrabahu.
- Evidence of idol worship in Jainism = The Hathigumpha inscription in Odisha.
- The deity of Jainism = Aruga Devan.
- The person credited with spreading Jainism across the country = Parshvanatha.
- In the Vishnu Purana and Bhagavata Purana, Rishabhadeva—the first Guru of Jainism—is revered as an avatar of Lord Vishnu.
- Rishabhadeva was the father of King Bharata, who is known as India’s first *Chakravartin* (universal emperor).
- The name Rishabhadeva was first described in the Srimad Bhagavatam (Rigveda); he passed away at Mount Ashtapada (or Mount Kailash).
- IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT JAINISM
- The two Tirthankaras mentioned in the Rigveda = Rishabhadeva (Adi Bhagavan) and Neminatha (Arishtanemi).
- The five principles of Jainism = Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (truth), Asteya (non-stealing), Aparigraha (non-possession), and Brahmacharya (celibacy).
- The person who introduced the first four principles = Parshvanatha.
- The person who introduced the principle of Brahmacharya = Mahavira.
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- After Mahavira’s death, Jainism split into two sects (during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya). Two sects emerged: the Digambaras, led by Bhadrabahu, and the Svetambaras, led by Sthulabhadra.
- Svetambaras = Followers of Parshvanatha‘s principles; those who wear white garments.
- Digambaras = Followers of Mahavira; those who have renounced clothing.
- Jain sacred literature: Written in the *Arsha* or *Ardha-Magadhi* form, these texts are classified into 12 *Angas*, 12 *Upangas*, 10 *Prakirnas*, 6 *Chedasutras*, and 4 *Mulasutras*.
- In Jainism, the practice of agriculture was considered a sin.
- Mahavira and the Mauryan King Bimbisara were related.
- A disciple of Mahavira who later broke away to establish the “Ajivika” sect = Makkhali Gosala.
- IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT JAINISM
24 JAIN THIRTHANKARAS AND THEIR SYMBOLS
| S.NO | NAME | SYMBOLS |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rishabhadeva (Adinatha) | Bull |
| 2 | Ajitanatha | Elephant |
| 3 | Sambhavanatha | Horse |
| 4 | Abhinandanatha | Monkey |
| 5 | Sumatinatha | Owl |
| 6 | Padmaprabha | Lotus |
| 7 | Suparshvanatha | Swastika |
| 8 | Chandraprabha | Moon |
| 9 | Pushpadanta (Suvidhinatha) | Crocodile |
| 10 | Sheetalanatha (Siddhi-bhattaraka) | Wish-fulfilling tree (Kalpavriksha) |
| 11 | Shreyanshanatha | Rhinoceros |
| 12 | Vasupujya | Buffalo |
| 13 | Vimalanatha | Pig |
| 14 | Anantanatha (Anantajit Bhattaraka) | Porcupine |
| 15 | Dharmanatha | Vajra (Thunderbolt weapon) |
| 16 | Shantinatha | Deer |
| 17 | Kunthunatha | Goat |
| 18 | Aranatha | Fish |
| 19 | Mallinatha | Kalasam (Sacred pot) |
| 20 | Munisvaranatha | Tortoise |
| 21 | Naminatha | Blue lotus |
| 22 | Neminatha (Arishtanemi) | Conch |
| 23 | Parshvanatha | Snake |
| 24 | Mahavira | Lion |
JAIN COUNCILS
| Conference | Year | Location | Leadership | King | Event |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Conference | 300 BC | Pataliputra | Sthulabhadra | Chandragupta Maurya | 12 Angas were created to replace the 14 Purvas |
| Second Conference | 512 AD | Vallabhi | Devardhagini Kshamashramana | 12 Angas and 12 Purvas were created |
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- IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT JAINISM
- IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT JAINISM
- IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT JAINISM
- IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT JAINISM